{"id":8180,"date":"2019-04-05T12:35:24","date_gmt":"2019-04-05T10:35:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.miljomagasinet.se\/?p=8180"},"modified":"2019-04-09T21:38:43","modified_gmt":"2019-04-09T19:38:43","slug":"biobranslen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.miljomagasinet.se\/index.php\/2019\/04\/05\/biobranslen\/","title":{"rendered":"Biobr\u00e4nslen\u2013 klimatsmart eller gr\u00f6n synvilla?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBiobr\u00e4nslen spelar en allt st\u00f6rre roll i den gr\u00f6na omst\u00e4llningen. Runtom i v\u00e4rlden har anv\u00e4ndningen \u00f6kat explosionsartat och i Sverige, som \u00e4r v\u00e4rldsledande p\u00e5 omr\u00e5det, utg\u00f6r biobr\u00e4nslen en fj\u00e4rdedel av den totala energimixen.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOljepalmsplantage i Malaysia. Stora markarealer tas i anspr\u00e5k i tropiska omr\u00e5den
f\u00f6r att producera biodrivmedel ur palmolja.
Foto: Energieexperten\/Creatve Commons\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Biobr\u00e4nslen<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u2013 klimatsmart eller gr\u00f6n synvilla?\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBiobr\u00e4nslen spelar en allt st\u00f6rre roll i den gr\u00f6na omst\u00e4llningen. Runtom i v\u00e4rlden har anv\u00e4ndningen \u00f6kat explosionsartat och i Sverige, som \u00e4r v\u00e4rldsledande p\u00e5 omr\u00e5det, utg\u00f6r biobr\u00e4nslen en fj\u00e4rdedel av den totala energimixen.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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M\u00e4ngden biodrivmedel har \u00f6kat fyra g\u00e5nger de senaste tio\n\u00e5ren och utg\u00f6r i dag en femtedel av den svenska inrikestrafi kens energibehov, j\u00e4mf\u00f6rt\nmed el som \u00e4nnu bara st\u00e5r f\u00f6r tre procent. F\u00f6respr\u00e5kare hyllar biobr\u00e4nslen d\u00e4rf\u00f6r\natt de \u00e4r f\u00f6rnybara och utsl\u00e4ppen av v\u00e4xthusgaser ing\u00e5r i ett slutet\nkolkretslopp.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>

Men det \u00e4r <\/span><\/b>inte hela sanningen. Energiformen dras med m\u00e5nga problem och flera forskare\noch milj\u00f6organisationer varnar nu f\u00f6r att en \u00f6vertro p\u00e5 biobr\u00e4nslen kan vara\nkatastrofal f\u00f6r b\u00e5de klimatet och milj\u00f6n.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>

Fr\u00e5n politiken finns ett starkt st\u00f6d. Regeringen\ntillsatte utredningen Biojet f\u00f6r Flyget<\/i>, som presenterades i b\u00f6rjan av\nmars i \u00e5r.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>

Utredningens syfte var att ta reda p\u00e5 hur flygets utsl\u00e4pp\nkan minska genom \u00f6kad inblandning av f\u00f6rnybara br\u00e4nslen. Utredningen kom fram\ntill en reduktionsplikt p\u00e5 30 procent \u00e5r 2030 vilket ska f\u00e5 utsl\u00e4ppen att minska\nmed 24 procent. Utredningen har dock m\u00f6tt h\u00e5rd kritik. Greenpeace, som kallar\nden f\u00f6r en \u201cfalsk klimatl\u00f6sning\u201d, menar att klimatp\u00e5verkan endast minskar med\n12 procent n\u00e4r man beaktar s\u00e5 kallade h\u00f6gh\u00f6jdseffekter. Koldioxid blir en mer\npotent v\u00e4xthusgas n\u00e4r den sl\u00e4pps ut h\u00f6gt upp i atmosf\u00e4ren.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>

Problemen med <\/span><\/b>biobr\u00e4nslen \u00e4r m\u00e5nga. \u00c4ven om energiformen \u00e4r f\u00f6rnybar tar det m\u00e5nga \u00e5r innan\nkolet \u00e4r \u00e5terf\u00f6rt till kretsloppet. P\u00e5 kort sikt bidrar allts\u00e5 f\u00f6rbr\u00e4nningen av\nbiobr\u00e4nslen till att koldioxidhalten i atmosf\u00e4ren \u00f6kar. F\u00f6rbr\u00e4nningen ger \u00e4ven\nupphov till partiklar och kv\u00e4veoxider som lokalt f\u00f6rorenar luften och g\u00f6r den\nh\u00e4lsofarlig att andas in.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>

Dessutom \u00e4r produktionen ofta extremt kr\u00e4vande ur\nmilj\u00f6synpunkt. Den \u00f6kade efterfr\u00e5gan leder till att stora markarealer tas i\nanspr\u00e5k i tropiska omr\u00e5den f\u00f6r att producera biodrivmedel ur palmolja. En\nfemtedel av EU: s f\u00f6rnybara br\u00e4nslen best\u00e5r i dag av importerad palmolja. F\u00f6r\natt inte konkurrera med matproduktionen sk\u00f6vlas jungfrulig regnskog, vilket\nleder till att enorma m\u00e4ngder lagrat kol sl\u00e4pps ut i atmosf\u00e4ren.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>

En EU-studie visar att nettoutsl\u00e4ppen fr\u00e5n biobr\u00e4nslen ofta\nblir h\u00f6gre \u00e4n f\u00f6r fossila br\u00e4nslen om man r\u00e4knar med effekterna av f\u00f6r\u00e4ndrad\nmarkanv\u00e4ndning. Ut\u00f6ver klimatp\u00e5verkan utg\u00f6r produktionen ett enormt hot mot den\nbiologiska m\u00e5ngfalden och tillg\u00e5ngen till vatten. El \u00e4r ett mycket mer yteffektivt\ns\u00e4tt att producera energi p\u00e5, enligt en EU-studie. Med dagens teknik kan en yta\nstor som en fotbollsplan med solpaneler driva 260 bilar 10 mil vardera, det \u00e4r\n\u00f6ver hundra g\u00e5nger fler \u00e4n om motsvarande yta i st\u00e4llet anv\u00e4ndes f\u00f6r att producera\nbioetanol.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>

Problemet med <\/span><\/b>regeringens utredning ligger i sj\u00e4lva premissen f\u00f6r den, d\u00e4r f\u00f6rnybara drivmedel\nredan i syftet presenteras som den enda g\u00e5ngbara l\u00f6sningen. Utredningen kom \u00e4ven\nfram till att en koldioxidskatt f\u00f6rmodligen skulle vara ett effektivt styrmedel\nmen kunde inte f\u00f6resl\u00e5 det p\u00e5 grund av utredningens direktiv.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>

Flygbolaget SAS vd Rickard Gustafsson v\u00e4lkomnar\nreduktionsplikten som inte hotar flygbranschens ekonomiska tillv\u00e4xt, som han\nmenar \u00e4r h\u00e5rt pressad, men passar ocks\u00e5 p\u00e5 att rikta en k\u00e4nga mot fl ygskatten,\nsom han s\u00e4ger minskar fl ygets ekonomiska m\u00f6jligheter att st\u00e4lla om.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>

N\u00e4ringslivet f\u00f6rs\u00f6ker <\/span><\/b>till varje pris undvika fr\u00e5gan om tillv\u00e4xtsekonomins h\u00e5llbarhet och har nu\nhittat sin formel i h\u00e4grande palmoljef\u00e4lt. Flyget och v\u00e4gtransporterna kan\nforts\u00e4tta \u00f6ka, eftersom det nu sker p\u00e5 ett \u201cgr\u00f6nt\u201d s\u00e4tt. Business as usual helt\nenkelt. Men det \u00e4r inte s\u00e5 enkelt. Produktionen av biobr\u00e4nslen hotar redan i\ndag planetens h\u00e5rt pressade ekosystem och d\u00e5 utg\u00f6r de endast 3 procent av den\nglobala br\u00e4nslem\u00e4ngden.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>

Sverige importerar i dag 150 TWh fossil energi. En total\nomst\u00e4llning till biobr\u00e4nslen skulle kr\u00e4va h\u00e4lften av v\u00e5r produktiva skog enligt\nP\u00e5l B\u00f6rjesson, professor i milj\u00f6- och energisystem vid Lunds Universitet. D\u00e5 \u00e4r\ndet mycket b\u00e4ttre att skogen anv\u00e4nds till l\u00e5nglivade tr\u00e4produkter som agerar\nkolf\u00e4llor i st\u00e4llet f\u00f6r att f\u00f6rbrukas direkt.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>

Biobr\u00e4nslen kan dock <\/span><\/b>spela en betydande roll. Det finns n\u00e4mligen h\u00e5llbara s\u00e4tt att producera dem\np\u00e5. Matavfall och andra biprodukter omh\u00e4ndertas i dag f\u00f6r att producera r\u00f6tgas och\nforskning sker kontinuerligt f\u00f6r att f\u00f6rb\u00e4ttra dessa processer. Biobr\u00e4nslen har\nocks\u00e5 f\u00f6rdelen att vara lagringsbara. Det \u00e4r en ypperlig energibuffert att ta\ntill i en gr\u00f6n energimix n\u00e4r det r\u00e5der d\u00e5liga v\u00e4derf\u00f6rh\u00e5llanden.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>

Men att odlade biobr\u00e4nslen skulle vara helt\nklimatneutrala och milj\u00f6v\u00e4nliga, som de storsatsande olje- och flygbolagen s\u00e4ger,\nst\u00e4mmer helt enkelt inte.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/p>

Michael Abdi Ons\u00e4ter<\/span><\/i><\/b>  <\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Biobr\u00e4nslen spelar en allt st\u00f6rre roll i den gr\u00f6na omst\u00e4llningen. Runtom i v\u00e4rlden har anv\u00e4ndningen \u00f6kat explosionsartat och i Sverige,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":8249,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"pgc_meta":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,15,11,4],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nBiobr\u00e4nslen\u2013 klimatsmart eller gr\u00f6n synvilla? - MILJ\u00d6MAGASINET<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.miljomagasinet.se\/index.php\/2019\/04\/05\/biobranslen\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sv_SE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Biobr\u00e4nslen\u2013 klimatsmart eller gr\u00f6n synvilla? - MILJ\u00d6MAGASINET\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Biobr\u00e4nslen spelar en allt st\u00f6rre roll i den gr\u00f6na omst\u00e4llningen. 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