{"id":4681,"date":"2019-02-15T09:42:57","date_gmt":"2019-02-15T08:42:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.miljomagasinet.se\/?p=4681"},"modified":"2019-02-16T08:39:28","modified_gmt":"2019-02-16T07:39:28","slug":"kanada-visar-vagen-i-klimatfragan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.miljomagasinet.se\/index.php\/2019\/02\/15\/kanada-visar-vagen-i-klimatfragan\/","title":{"rendered":"Kanada visar v\u00e4gen i klimatfr\u00e5gan"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMontreal i Quebec, en av de kanadensiska delstater som inf\u00f6rt\nett koldioxidskattesystem som \u00e5terbetalas lika f\u00f6r alla.\n
Foto: alyssa BLACK. (is.gd\/Vb6Mwt) \/ CC BY-SA (is.gd\/wmTgWa)\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Niclas Malmberg<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tspr\u00e5kr\u00f6rskandidat (MP)\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kanada visar v\u00e4gen i klimatfr\u00e5gan<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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M<\/span>ilj\u00f6skatter \u00e4r effektiva som milj\u00f6politiska styrmedel \u2013 men kritiseras samtidigt f\u00f6r att sl\u00e5 h\u00e5rt mot grupper med l\u00e4gre inkomster. Kanada visar hur konflikten mellan f\u00f6rdelningspolitik och milj\u00f6politik kan \u00f6verbryggas med en koldioxidskatt som \u00e5terbetalas lika f\u00f6r alla. Principen \u00e4r enkel. Genom att skatteint\u00e4kterna betalas tillbaka helt och fullt och med samma belopp till alla skattebetalare, gynnas de som har mindre klimatbelastande konsumtion \u00e4n genomsnittet, vilket i stor utstr\u00e4ckning \u00e4r grupper med l\u00e4gre inkomster.<\/span><\/p>

Ett s\u00e5dant skattesystem<\/span><\/b> finns redan p\u00e5 delstatsniv\u00e5 i British Colombia, Alberta och Quebec och inf\u00f6rs nu p\u00e5 nationell niv\u00e5 i Kanada. Skatten \u00e4r inledningsvis satt till tio kanadensiska dollar per ton (cirka 67 kronor) f\u00f6r att sedan stiga med tio dollar\/\u00e5r till ett tak p\u00e5 50 dollar\/ \u00e5r 2022. Genom att g\u00e5 in p\u00e5 en f\u00f6rh\u00e5llandevis l\u00e5g niv\u00e5 och sedan \u00f6ka skatten ges goda m\u00f6jligheter till ordnad omst\u00e4llning bort fr\u00e5n koldioxidutsl\u00e4pp utan omedelbara omfattande ekonomiska effekter. Detta d\u00e5 s\u00e5v\u00e4l privatpersoner som f\u00f6retag ges sk\u00e4l att st\u00e4lla om sin energianv\u00e4ndning och genomf\u00f6ra investeringar nu f\u00f6r att undvika framtida kostnader n\u00e4r skatteniv\u00e5n h\u00f6js. <\/span><\/p>

Fr\u00e5n ekonomer har riktats kritik mot systemet med en retorik att det skulle kunna gynna passivitet och \u201dbestraffa\u201d aktivitet. \u00c4ven om huvudsyftet med skatten \u00e4r att just styra bort fr\u00e5n aktiviteter som medf\u00f6r koldioxidutsl\u00e4pp, har de tre delstater som redan inf\u00f6rt skatten kunnat konstatera en ytterligare effekt: att ekonomin v\u00e4xer mer \u00e4n genomsnittet i Kanada. En delf\u00f6rklaring till detta kan vara de investeringar som \u00e4r n\u00f6dv\u00e4ndiga f\u00f6r att klara omst\u00e4llningen fr\u00e5n fossilt till f\u00f6rnybart.<\/span><\/p>

Men en \u00e4nnu viktigare<\/span><\/b> effekt av modellen \u00e4r att den tas emot v\u00e4l av medborgarna och d\u00e4rmed har chans att \u00f6verleva ocks\u00e5 ett regeringsskifte. Att st\u00e5nga sig blodig f\u00f6r att kunna inf\u00f6ra milj\u00f6skatter som samtidigt har s\u00e5 l\u00e5g acceptans hos befolkningen att de riskerar att rivas upp \u00e4r ostrategiskt, n\u00e4r vi vet att vi snabbt m\u00e5ste minska utsl\u00e4ppen, och f\u00f6r att klara det m\u00e5ste kunna samla en bred majoritet f\u00f6r de politiska reformer som genomf\u00f6rs.<\/span><\/p>

Kanada har nu visat en t\u00e4nkbar v\u00e4g f\u00f6r att minska utsl\u00e4ppen. F\u00f6r att det verkligen ska ge stort globalt resultat m\u00e5ste andra l\u00e4nder f\u00f6lja exemplet. Det finns en politisk \u00f6ppning f\u00f6r en omfattande gr\u00f6n skattev\u00e4xling i Sverige. Men att stanna vid att genomf\u00f6ra en skattev\u00e4xling som beh\u00e5ller statens skatteint\u00e4kter p\u00e5 dagens niv\u00e5 \u00e4r riskabelt. Impopul\u00e4ra milj\u00f6skatter riskerar att rivas upp, och exemplet med hur M-KD-SD genomdrev beslut att avskaffa flygskatten, visar att inte ens f\u00f6rh\u00e5llandevis popul\u00e4ra milj\u00f6skatter \u00e4r s\u00e4kra. Detta sker samtidigt som det inte \u00e4r s\u00e4kert att h\u00f6gerpartier \u00e5terinf\u00f6r andra skatter, varf\u00f6r en dubbelt negativ effekt riskerar att bli s\u00e5v\u00e4l minskad milj\u00f6styrning som mindre ekonomiskt reformutrymme f\u00f6r bland annat milj\u00f6arbete. En skattev\u00e4xling b\u00f6r d\u00e4rf\u00f6r kombineras med inf\u00f6rande av en koldioxidskatt som \u00e5terbetalas lika f\u00f6r alla skattebetalare. <\/span><\/p>

I Kanada \u00e4r gas, kol<\/span><\/b> och bensin i fokus f\u00f6r taxeringen. Energisektorn \u00e4r en tacksam grund, d\u00e5 den \u00e4r f\u00f6rh\u00e5llandevis l\u00e4ttreglerad. Men det finns inget hinder mot att bredda koldioxidskatten. Med f\u00f6rdel kan den antibiotikaskatt som Milj\u00f6partiet lagt f\u00f6rslag om utg\u00f6ra en annan del av systemet. Precis som i Kanada b\u00f6r skatten inledningsvis s\u00e4ttas l\u00e5g, men med en inbyggd stegring. P\u00e5 samma s\u00e4tt kan skatten riktas in mot vissa sektorer fr\u00e5n start, samtidigt som det redan initialt g\u00f6rs klart vilka sektorer som ska innefattas fram\u00f6ver.<\/span><\/p>

En koldioxidskatt som \u00e5terbetalas kommer sj\u00e4lvfallet inte att som ensam reform l\u00f6sa klimatfr\u00e5gan. Men det \u00e4r en s\u00e5 viktig del av l\u00f6sningen att fr\u00e5gan b\u00f6r ges h\u00f6gsta prioritet, b\u00e5de p\u00e5 nationell niv\u00e5 i Sverige, i Sveriges arbete inom EU och globalt.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"152\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tNiclas Malmberg.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Montreal i Quebec, en av de kanadensiska delstater som inf\u00f6rt ett koldioxidskattesystem som \u00e5terbetalas lika f\u00f6r alla. Foto: alyssa BLACK.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":4578,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"pgc_meta":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[24,15,23],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nKanada visar v\u00e4gen i klimatfr\u00e5gan - MILJ\u00d6MAGASINET<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.miljomagasinet.se\/index.php\/2019\/02\/15\/kanada-visar-vagen-i-klimatfragan\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sv_SE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kanada visar v\u00e4gen i klimatfr\u00e5gan - MILJ\u00d6MAGASINET\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Montreal i Quebec, en av de kanadensiska delstater som inf\u00f6rt ett koldioxidskattesystem som \u00e5terbetalas lika f\u00f6r alla. 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Ljunggren","author_link":"https:\/\/www.miljomagasinet.se\/index.php\/author\/bengtpwgmail-com\/"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":"<a href=\"https:\/\/www.miljomagasinet.se\/index.php\/category\/debatt\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Debatt<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.miljomagasinet.se\/index.php\/category\/klimat\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Klimat<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.miljomagasinet.se\/index.php\/category\/opinion\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Opinion<\/a>","rttpg_excerpt":"Montreal i Quebec, en av de kanadensiska delstater som inf\u00f6rt ett koldioxidskattesystem som \u00e5terbetalas lika f\u00f6r alla. 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