{"id":22136,"date":"2019-11-18T14:47:13","date_gmt":"2019-11-18T13:47:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.miljomagasinet.se\/?p=22136"},"modified":"2019-11-18T14:47:15","modified_gmt":"2019-11-18T13:47:15","slug":"mikroplaster-absorberar-mindre-gift-an-befarat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.miljomagasinet.se\/index.php\/2019\/11\/18\/mikroplaster-absorberar-mindre-gift-an-befarat\/","title":{"rendered":"Mikroplaster absorberar mindre gift \u00e4n befarat"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Risken att sm\u00e5 plastfragment ska suga upp milj\u00f6gifter i hav och sj\u00f6ar \u00e4r mindre \u00e4n befarad. Det visar en ny doktorsavhandling av Christine Sch\u00f6nlau, f\u00f6re detta forskare vid \u00d6rebro universitet.<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Christine Sch\u00f6nlau.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Trots att m\u00e5nga milj\u00f6gifter i dag \u00e4r f\u00f6rbjudna finns de kvar p\u00e5 havsbottnarna. D\u00e4r tar det mycket l\u00e5ng tid innan de bryts ner. Eftersom v\u00e5ra hav \u00e4r fulla av plast har en farh\u00e5ga bland forskare varit att dessa gifter kan f\u00e4sta vid sm\u00e5 plastpartiklar, s\u00e5 kallade mikroplaster. Plasten kan b\u00e5de transporteras i haven och spridas vidare i ekosystemet, bland annat genom att sv\u00e4ljas av fiskar. Det \u00e4r ett v\u00e4lk\u00e4nt problem att djur f\u00e5r i sig plast. Sedan spridningen av sm\u00e5 plastpartiklar i v\u00e4rldshaven uppt\u00e4cktes p\u00e5 1970-talet har man hittat plast i maginneh\u00e5llet p\u00e5 runt 180 djurarter. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nu visar dock ny forskning att de sm\u00e5 plastfragmenten inte utg\u00f6r ett s\u00e5 stort hot som man fruktat. Man kan d\u00e4rf\u00f6r forts\u00e4tta att \u00e4ta sin fisk utan oro. Mikroplasten absorberar inte milj\u00f6gifterna i n\u00e5gon h\u00f6gre utstr\u00e4ckning visar unders\u00f6kningen. Hur det \u00e4r med plastpartiklar av nanostorlek \u00e5terst\u00e5r dock att se. Det s\u00e4ger Christine Sch\u00f6nlau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hur har forskningen om mikroplaster g\u00e5tt till?<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Fokus f\u00f6r min forskning var att testa sex olika plastpellets (plastr\u00e5material \u2013 s\u00e5 kallade jungfrupellets) vilka har den h\u00f6gsta produktionsvolymen av de olika plastsorterna. Jag skulle testa deras toxicitet och analysera i vilken utstr\u00e4ckning milj\u00f6f\u00f6roreningar, inklusive dioxiner, PCB, PAH, PBDE och organoklorpesticider, togs upp av plasten. Vi s\u00e5g att det fanns v\u00e4ldigt lite upptag av dioxiner, PCB, PBDE och bek\u00e4mpningsmedel under en tidsperiod p\u00e5 upp till elva m\u00e5nader. De uppm\u00e4tta toxiska effekterna, som huvudsakligen var aktiveringen av arylkolv\u00e4tereceptorn, var dessutom ganska l\u00e5ga i j\u00e4mf\u00f6relse med effekter som m\u00e4ts i mycket f\u00f6rorenade sediment. D\u00e4rtill har jag \u00e4ven m\u00e4tt mikroplast i \u00d6stersj\u00f6ns \u00f6ppna ytvatten vilket visade f\u00f6rh\u00e5llandevis l\u00e5ga koncentrationer. N\u00e4r vi anv\u00e4nde mindre filterstorlekar f\u00f6r provtagning \u00f6kade m\u00e4ngden plastpartiklar vilket inneb\u00e4r att vi kanske m\u00e5ste titta n\u00e4rmare p\u00e5 mindre partikelstorlekar. Numera g\u00f6rs plastprovtagning vanligtvis med en maskstorlek p\u00e5 300-390 mikrometer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c4r det ofarligt att \u00e4ta fisk ur mikroplastperspektiv?<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 P\u00e5 grundval av den nuvarande forskningen tyder inget p\u00e5 ett stort h\u00e4lsoproblem n\u00e4r man \u00e4ter fisk. Men vi \u00e4r \u00e4nnu i b\u00f6rjan av toxicitetsbed\u00f6mningar av mikroplast och det finns fortfarande m\u00e5nga saker som m\u00e5ste testas. I min forskning unders\u00f6kte jag till exempel inte plastadditiver (som kan orsaka endokrina st\u00f6rningar) fullt ut, vilka kan utg\u00f6ra en ganska stor procentandel av plastpolymererna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vad kan du s\u00e4ga om forskningen kring de minsta plastfragmenten?<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Vi har v\u00e4ldigt lite kunskap om de mindre plastdelarna i allm\u00e4nhet. Det inkluderar f\u00f6rekomsten och f\u00f6rdelningen i vattnet, liksom toxiciteten hos mindre partiklar (inklusive syntetfiber). Det beror fr\u00e4mst p\u00e5 att det \u00e4r mycket utmanande att arbeta med de mindre partiklarna ur ett tekniskt s\u00e5v\u00e4l som ett instrumentellt perspektiv. F\u00f6r n\u00e4rvarande fungerar instrument f\u00f6r att analysera plastpartiklar bra i mikrometerintervall, men inte i nano-m\u00e4tintervall.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vad \u00e4r dina \u00f6vriga slutsatser kring forskningen?<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 \u00c4ven om min forskning hittills antyder en l\u00e5g toxikologisk risk f\u00f6r plastpellets i 2\u20134 millimeters storlekar n\u00e4r det g\u00e4ller att \u00f6verf\u00f6ra milj\u00f6f\u00f6roreningar som dioxiner, pcbs och klorerade bek\u00e4mpningsmedel, betyder det inte att plastpartiklar i allm\u00e4nhet inte \u00e4r skadliga. Det kr\u00e4vs fortfarande mycket forskning f\u00f6r att f\u00e5 en omfattande titt p\u00e5 toxiciteten hos plast. Till exempel beh\u00f6vs forskning om tillsatser s\u00e5v\u00e4l som om plast av mindre storlek. Ett stort problem \u00e4r att tillverkarna inte alltid beh\u00f6ver g\u00f6ra en fullst\u00e4ndig ingredienslista tillg\u00e4nglig och vi vet ofta inte vad som faktiskt finns i plasten f\u00f6rutom sj\u00e4lva plastpolymeren. Det g\u00f6r en fullst\u00e4ndig riskbed\u00f6mning mycket sv\u00e5r. Dessutom \u00e4r det bra att p\u00e5minna om att plast trots allt \u00e4r ett problem f\u00f6r ekosystemet, eftersom den inte f\u00f6rmultnar under rimlig tid och den f\u00f6rorenar milj\u00f6n. Detta inneb\u00e4r ytterligare stress f\u00f6r organismer.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Risken att sm\u00e5 plastfragment ska suga upp milj\u00f6gifter i hav och sj\u00f6ar \u00e4r mindre \u00e4n befarad. Det visar en ny<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":22138,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"pgc_meta":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[36,12,37,17,11,4],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nMikroplaster absorberar mindre gift \u00e4n befarat - MILJ\u00d6MAGASINET<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.miljomagasinet.se\/index.php\/2019\/11\/18\/mikroplaster-absorberar-mindre-gift-an-befarat\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sv_SE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mikroplaster absorberar mindre gift \u00e4n befarat - MILJ\u00d6MAGASINET\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Risken att sm\u00e5 plastfragment ska suga upp milj\u00f6gifter i hav och sj\u00f6ar \u00e4r mindre \u00e4n befarad. 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Det visar en ny","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miljomagasinet.se\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22136"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miljomagasinet.se\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miljomagasinet.se\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miljomagasinet.se\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miljomagasinet.se\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22136"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.miljomagasinet.se\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22136\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miljomagasinet.se\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/22138"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.miljomagasinet.se\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22136"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miljomagasinet.se\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=22136"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.miljomagasinet.se\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22136"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}